Splitting is an essential mechanical operation used on thicker hides to reduce their overall thickness and create a uniform, consistent substance across the entire surface. This process is especially important when precision and consistency are required for high-quality leather goods.

After the samming process, thicker leathers—typically from cow or buffalo—often still retain an uneven and excessive thickness that is unsuitable for specific end uses. The splitting process involves feeding these hides through a splitting machine, which uses a sharp, horizontally moving blade to divide the leather into two or more layers. The top layer, known as the grain layer, retains the natural texture and strength of the hide and is typically used for premium leather goods. The bottom layer, called the split or flesh layer, may be further processed or used for suede, corrected grain, or laminated products.

The goal of splitting is not only to achieve a target thickness but also to ensure uniformity across the entire hide, which is critical for downstream processes like dyeing, finishing, and cutting. Inconsistent thickness can result in uneven dye absorption, stretching, or structural weaknesses in the final product. By precisely adjusting the splitting machine, operators can tailor the leather’s thickness according to specific product requirements, whether for footwear, upholstery, garments, or accessories.

Splitting also allows for better material utilization. By separating the hide into usable layers, manufacturers can maximize yield and minimize waste. Both layers—grain and split—can be finished and customized for different types of leather applications, allowing for a wider range of product offerings from a single hide.

Key highlights of the splitting process include:

• Reduction of thick hides to uniform and manageable thickness
• Division into grain and split layers for varied leather applications
• Precision control over thickness based on product specifications
• Improved consistency for dyeing, finishing, and cutting
• Efficient use of raw material with minimal waste